commit
80747c1ca8
1 changed files with 60 additions and 0 deletions
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ |
|||
<br>Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library created to help with the development of reinforcement knowing [algorithms](https://git.learnzone.com.cn). It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](https://powerstack.co.in) research, making released research study more [easily reproducible](https://jobstoapply.com) [24] [144] while offering users with a basic interface for interacting with these environments. In 2022, brand-new advancements of Gym have actually been [transferred](https://nuswar.com) to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] |
|||
<br>Gym Retro<br> |
|||
<br>Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for reinforcement learning (RL) research study on computer game [147] utilizing RL algorithms and research study generalization. Prior RL research focused mainly on enhancing representatives to fix single jobs. Gym Retro provides the ability to generalize in between games with comparable concepts however various looks.<br> |
|||
<br>RoboSumo<br> |
|||
<br>Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robotic representatives initially lack understanding of how to even walk, however are provided the objectives of discovering to move and to press the opposing representative out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial learning procedure, the agents learn how to adapt to changing conditions. When a representative is then eliminated from this virtual environment and placed in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, recommending it had actually found out how to balance in a generalized way. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competitors in between agents could develop an intelligence "arms race" that could increase an agent's capability to operate even outside the [context](http://eliment.kr) of the competition. [148] |
|||
<br>OpenAI 5<br> |
|||
<br>OpenAI Five is a team of five OpenAI-curated bots utilized in the competitive five-on-five video game Dota 2, that find out to play against human players at a high ability level totally through [experimental algorithms](https://jobs.superfny.com). Before ending up being a group of 5, the first public presentation took place at The International 2017, the yearly best champion competition for the video game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian player, lost against a bot in a live one-on-one match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had discovered by playing against itself for two weeks of actual time, which the knowing software was a step in the instructions of creating software that can manage [intricate jobs](https://njspmaca.in) like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system utilizes a type of reinforcement knowing, as the bots learn gradually by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an opponent and taking map goals. [154] [155] [156] |
|||
<br>By June 2018, the capability of the bots broadened to play together as a full group of 5, and they were able to defeat teams of amateur and semi-professional gamers. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against [professional](https://in.fhiky.com) players, but ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the ruling world champs of the video game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public appearance came later that month, where they played in 42,729 total video games in a four-day open online competitors, winning 99.4% of those games. [165] |
|||
<br>OpenAI 5['s systems](https://gst.meu.edu.jo) in Dota 2's bot player reveals the challenges of [AI](http://a21347410b.iask.in:8500) systems in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has shown making use of deep support knowing (DRL) agents to attain superhuman proficiency in Dota 2 matches. [166] |
|||
<br>Dactyl<br> |
|||
<br>Developed in 2018, Dactyl utilizes device discovering to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robot hand, to manipulate physical items. [167] It learns completely in simulation utilizing the same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI dealt with the object orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation approach which [exposes](http://xiaomaapp.top3000) the learner to a range of experiences rather than trying to fit to truth. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking cameras, likewise has RGB cams to allow the robot to manipulate an arbitrary item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI revealed that the system had the ability to control a cube and an [octagonal prism](https://test.manishrijal.com.np). [168] |
|||
<br>In 2019, OpenAI showed that Dactyl could solve a [Rubik's Cube](http://49.234.213.44). The robot had the ability to solve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube present intricate physics that is harder to design. OpenAI did this by enhancing the robustness of Dactyl to perturbations by utilizing Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation method of creating progressively harder environments. ADR differs from manual [domain randomization](http://t93717yl.bget.ru) by not needing a human to specify randomization varieties. [169] |
|||
<br>API<br> |
|||
<br>In June 2020, OpenAI announced a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](https://www.imf1fan.com) models established by OpenAI" to let designers call on it for "any English language [AI](https://thefreedommovement.ca) task". [170] [171] |
|||
<br>Text generation<br> |
|||
<br>The [business](http://154.9.255.1983000) has actually popularized generative [pretrained](http://www.kotlinx.com3000) transformers (GPT). [172] |
|||
<br>OpenAI's initial GPT model ("GPT-1")<br> |
|||
<br>The initial paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language model was composed by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and published in preprint on OpenAI's site on June 11, 2018. [173] It demonstrated how a generative model of language could obtain world knowledge and process long-range dependences by pre-training on a varied corpus with long [stretches](http://plethe.com) of contiguous text.<br> |
|||
<br>GPT-2<br> |
|||
<br>Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a not being watched transformer language model and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT design ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with just limited demonstrative variations initially released to the general public. The complete version of GPT-2 was not immediately [released](https://africasfaces.com) due to issue about possible misuse, consisting of applications for writing phony news. [174] Some professionals expressed [uncertainty](https://mount-olive.com) that GPT-2 posed a significant danger.<br> |
|||
<br>In response to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to discover "neural phony news". [175] Other scientists, such as Jeremy Howard, alerted of "the innovation to totally fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would muffle all other speech and be impossible to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete version of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several websites host interactive [demonstrations](https://krotovic.cz) of various instances of GPT-2 and other transformer models. [178] [179] [180] |
|||
<br>GPT-2's authors argue unsupervised language models to be general-purpose learners, illustrated by GPT-2 attaining cutting edge precision and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot tasks (i.e. the model was not more trained on any task-specific input-output examples).<br> |
|||
<br>The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains a little 40 [gigabytes](https://krazzykross.com) of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with at least 3 upvotes. It prevents certain concerns encoding [vocabulary](https://namoshkar.com) with word tokens by using byte pair encoding. This allows representing any string of characters by encoding both individual characters and multiple-character tokens. [181] |
|||
<br>GPT-3<br> |
|||
<br>First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a without supervision transformer language model and the follower to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI mentioned that the complete version of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] two orders of [magnitude larger](http://gitlab.gavelinfo.com) than the 1.5 billion [185] in the full variation of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 designs with as few as 125 million parameters were also trained). [186] |
|||
<br>OpenAI specified that GPT-3 was successful at certain "meta-learning" jobs and might generalize the purpose of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer learning between English and Romanian, and between English and German. [184] |
|||
<br>GPT-3 considerably enhanced benchmark results over GPT-2. OpenAI warned that such scaling-up of language designs could be approaching or encountering the essential capability constraints of predictive language models. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 required a number of thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of calculate, compared to tens of petaflop/s-days for the complete GPT-2 design. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 [trained design](https://speeddating.co.il) was not immediately launched to the general public for issues of possible abuse, although OpenAI prepared to allow gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month complimentary personal beta that began in June 2020. [170] [189] |
|||
<br>On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was [licensed](https://git.randomstar.io) solely to Microsoft. [190] [191] |
|||
<br>Codex<br> |
|||
<br>Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has in addition been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://edu.shpl.ru) powering the [code autocompletion](http://120.26.108.2399188) [tool GitHub](http://101.132.73.143000) Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in private beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the model can produce working code in over a lots programs languages, a lot of effectively in Python. [192] |
|||
<br>Several problems with problems, design defects and security vulnerabilities were cited. [195] [196] |
|||
<br>GitHub Copilot has actually been accused of producing copyrighted code, without any author attribution or license. [197] |
|||
<br>OpenAI announced that they would discontinue support for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198] |
|||
<br>GPT-4<br> |
|||
<br>On March 14, 2023, OpenAI announced the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of [accepting text](https://www.so-open.com) or image inputs. [199] They announced that the updated innovation passed a simulated law school bar test with a score around the leading 10% of [test takers](https://dispatchexpertscudo.org.uk). (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 could also check out, examine or create up to 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all significant programming languages. [200] |
|||
<br>[Observers](http://demo.qkseo.in) reported that the version of ChatGPT using GPT-4 was an improvement on the previous GPT-3.5-based iteration, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained some of the problems with earlier modifications. [201] GPT-4 is likewise efficient in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually decreased to expose numerous technical details and stats about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the design. [203] |
|||
<br>GPT-4o<br> |
|||
<br>On May 13, 2024, OpenAI revealed and released GPT-4o, which can process and create text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained cutting edge lead to voice, multilingual, and vision benchmarks, setting new records in audio speech recognition and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] |
|||
<br>On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller sized variation of GPT-4o changing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be particularly helpful for enterprises, start-ups and developers seeking to automate services with [AI](http://8.136.199.33:3000) agents. [208] |
|||
<br>o1<br> |
|||
<br>On September 12, 2024, OpenAI launched the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have actually been developed to take more time to think of their responses, leading to higher precision. These models are especially efficient in science, coding, and reasoning tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Staff member. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was replaced by o1. [211] |
|||
<br>o3<br> |
|||
<br>On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the follower of the o1 thinking design. OpenAI also unveiled o3-mini, a lighter and much faster variation of OpenAI o3. Since December 21, 2024, this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are testing o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, security and security scientists had the chance to obtain early access to these models. [214] The model is called o3 rather than o2 to avoid confusion with telecommunications providers O2. [215] |
|||
<br>Deep research study<br> |
|||
<br>Deep research is an agent developed by OpenAI, unveiled on February 2, 2025. It leverages the capabilities of OpenAI's o3 model to perform substantial web surfing, data analysis, and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to 30 minutes. [216] With browsing and Python tools made it possible for, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) [benchmark](https://in-box.co.za). [120] |
|||
<br>Image classification<br> |
|||
<br>CLIP<br> |
|||
<br>Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to examine the semantic resemblance between text and images. It can especially be used for image category. [217] |
|||
<br>Text-to-image<br> |
|||
<br>DALL-E<br> |
|||
<br>Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer model that produces images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E uses a 12-billion-parameter version of GPT-3 to interpret natural language inputs (such as "a green leather purse shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of an unfortunate capybara") and create matching images. It can create pictures of practical items ("a stained-glass window with a picture of a blue strawberry") along with objects that do not exist in reality ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.<br> |
|||
<br>DALL-E 2<br> |
|||
<br>In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an updated version of the model with more sensible results. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software application for Point-E, a brand-new rudimentary system for converting a text description into a 3-dimensional model. [220] |
|||
<br>DALL-E 3<br> |
|||
<br>In September 2023, OpenAI announced DALL-E 3, a more effective design much better able to generate images from [complex descriptions](https://jvptube.net) without manual prompt engineering and render complicated details like hands and text. [221] It was launched to the public as a ChatGPT Plus function in October. [222] |
|||
<br>Text-to-video<br> |
|||
<br>Sora<br> |
|||
<br>Sora is a text-to-video model that can produce videos based on brief detailed triggers [223] as well as extend existing videos forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can produce videos with resolution as much as 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The optimum length of produced videos is unknown.<br> |
|||
<br> group named it after the Japanese word for "sky", to symbolize its "limitless imaginative potential". [223] Sora's technology is an adaptation of the innovation behind the DALL · E 3 text-to-image design. [225] OpenAI trained the system [utilizing](https://pompeo.com) publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos certified for that purpose, however did not reveal the number or the exact sources of the videos. [223] |
|||
<br>OpenAI showed some [Sora-created high-definition](https://hitechjobs.me) videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, [forum.batman.gainedge.org](https://forum.batman.gainedge.org/index.php?action=profile |
|||
Write
Preview
Loading…
Cancel
Save
Reference in new issue